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This one comes from '''your rig, not your scope''' — specifically electrical noise coupling in through shared power or an external trigger. '''The signature that identifies it:''' banding that moves up the sensor, present at '''low to moderate LED values around 16–24''' rather than only when the LED is high; sensitive to LED power and sometimes to the EWL, but '''not to gain'''. That gain-independence is what separates it from [[FAQ/Horizontal stripes from the EWL driver]], which is worst at maximum gain. In the reported case only one person in a lab of several scopes was affected — the only one using an external trigger. '''Causes identified:''' a 3.3 V trigger line from a Raspberry Pi running on its own switching power supply; and USB LED lighting sharing a USB bus with the DAQs, or simply running too close to them. '''The fix that worked outright: power the Miniscope from the DAQ's power jack''' instead of over USB. This means opening the DAQ case and moving a jumper, and it resolved the problem completely. '''Supporting mitigations:''' put USB lighting on its own supply, and plug the switching supply into the same power strip as the computer so everything shares a true ground. +
Use a '''commutator'''. The two most recommended options are: '''1) OEPS torque-free coaxial commutator:''' uses the V4's onboard head orientation sensor to actively de-rotate the cable. We have had great experience using it and have also heard very positive reviews from the community. Requires Bonsai (with Jon Newman's Miniscope plugin) to control the Miniscope, because the commutator and Miniscope DAQ software cannot both own the USB data stream at the same time. '''2) LabMaker open-MAC commutator''' is s a low-torque, Motorized All-in-one Commutator. It operates in torque-based mode with minimal audible noise due to its dual magnetic Hall sensors. The system accommodates 128-256 recording channels for electrophysiology and miniature endoscope (miniscope) / optogenetics applications. Passive commutators from DragonFly and Neurotek have also been used. Some older passive designs make image striping artifacts more frequent. +
[[Miniscope V4]] is the current generation (as of mid 2026). Key differences vs. V3: 1) '''Electrowetting lens (EWL):''' V4 has a built-in EWL that lets you adjust focus electronically across roughly a 200 µm range. V3 had a fixed focal plane set by mechanical lens placement. 2) '''Optics:''' V4 uses achromatic optics, dramatically reducing chromatic aberration in the objective itself. V3 used a 2 mm objective GRIN. 3) '''Head-orientation sensor:''' V4 includes a Bosch BNO055 9-axis IMU. V3 does not. 4) '''GRIN compatibility:''' V4 is designed for ~0.5-pitch relay GRIN lenses (Inscopix-compatible). V3's optical path used a 2 mm objective GRIN. For new projects, default to V4 (as of mid 2026) unless you have a specific reason to use V3 (e.g. an inherited surgical pipeline built around V3 optics). +
V4.5 (sold by OEPS) adds voltage-detection circuitry intended to work with an upcoming OEPS DAQ revision that will provide active over-voltage protection and regulated power delivery. With the current DAQ the new feature is inactive and V4.5 behaves identically to V4.4. Imaging hardware, optics, and the assembly procedure are unchanged. V4.4 and V4.5 are fully interchangeable within the same experimental setup. Contact OEPS for more information. +
From the '''electrowetting lens driver'''. It generates a '''roughly 70 V square wave at about 5 kHz''', and on each swing there is a current inrush the 3.3 V regulator cannot keep up with. That noise propagates back up the 3.3 V line to the CMOS sensor, which is unusually sensitive to it. The noise itself is very small — the sensor amplifies it into visible banding. Ordinary bypass capacitors do not isolate it, because the swings are slow. '''A 47 µF capacitor between 3.3 V and GND does remove it''', and sits near the EWL driver on current V4 PCBs. Boards at v4.2 and v4.3 predate this: LabMaker sold a hot-fix PCB for them, and it is designed in from v4.4 onward. '''Every V4 shows a trace of this at maximum CMOS gain'''; below maximum it is usually invisible. '''Removing it in post is straightforward:''' the stripes occupy a very specific spatial frequency that is localised in the 2D FFT. Take the 2D FFT of each frame, find the one or two localised spots along the x or y axis, zero those bins, and inverse FFT. The [[FAQ/The V4 denoising notebook|official denoising notebook]] does exactly this. '''Same root cause as the ephys noise''' in [[FAQ/Miniscope noise in ephys recordings]] — one driver, two symptoms. If your lines look different from this, see [[FAQ/Striping artifact on V4 images]], [[FAQ/Lines and instability at high LED values]] and [[FAQ/Banding from ground loops and shared power]]. +
You can subscribe to the [https://miniscope.org/subscribe Miniscope.org mailing list], follow the project on [https://bsky.app/profile/miniscope.bsky.social BlueSky], and check out the [[What's new]] page. +
Use the following [https://miniscope.org/wiki/Special:MyPage Community Profile Link] to create or edit your profile here. Your profile is public and will be linked to on forum posts and other activity on this wiki. You can also click your account name in the top navigation bar and then click 'User Page'. +
Very likely '''the wrong class of GRIN lens'''. This has cost multiple labs entire cohorts. '''The V4 needs a RELAY GRIN lens.''' Relay lenses have a pitch a little less than '''0.5 × n''' (n = 1, 2, 3 …) and roughly 200 µm front and back working distance. '''An OBJECTIVE GRIN lens will not work with the V4.''' Objective lenses — for example Edmund 64-519, 1.8 mm diameter, 0.25 pitch — are what the '''V3''' used, implanted directly into the brain, and they have a pitch slightly under 0.25. The two are easy to confuse because both are sold as implantable GRIN lenses. The V4 images through a cranial window with no external lens at all, or deeper via a relay lens. '''All relay lenses sold by Inscopix are V4-compatible.''' '''Salvage for animals already implanted with an objective lens:''' stack a second GRIN lens on top of the implanted one — the pair then behaves as a relay, and you may get usable imaging out of the cohort. The symptom is total darkness with healthy optics, verified expression and correct aspiration depth: exactly the case that otherwise sends people hunting for inflammation or photobleaching. See also [[FAQ/Catalogue working distance and pitch are not what you get]]. +
The most common source is Miniscope specific cabling from OEPS or LabMaker. That said, the community has had good experience with the '''1.13 mm SMA-to-U.FL cables from data-alliance.net'''. They are flexible enough for free movement but stiff enough that passive commutators rotate them properly. DIY cables made from Cooner wire work, but soldering U.FL connectors reliably can be tricky and bad cables can damage your DAQ (see the L13 inductor FAQ). +
A '''short across the coax cable''' sends a power surge through the '''L13 inductor''' on the DAQ and destroys it. The three DAQ LEDs still look normal, but the data crossing the coax is corrupted and the connection fails every time. The damage is cumulative: '''one bad cable will kill every DAQ it is plugged into''', and at least one lab lost several before realising. Another had a cable that shorted only when bent into a particular position. '''Test the cable:''' with the coax disconnected from everything, put a multimeter in continuity mode and touch the outer and inner conductors — or the SMA body and the centre pin. It should read open circuit; a beep means a short. Shorts are usually at one of the ends near the connectors, or along the length if the cable has been damaged. Trim back and redo the connector, or discard the cable. '''Repair the DAQ:''' replace the L13 inductor on every affected board — [https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/CBC3225T101MR/587-1628-1-ND/1008243 Digikey CBC3225T101MR]. Two independent labs confirmed this recovers the boards. Occasionally it is not recoverable: if the short drew enough current to damage other components or the PCB, replacing L13 twice still failed in one case. '''Desoldering tip:''' 390 °C is enough even for lead-free solder. If it will not melt, the iron tip is oxidised — add fresh solder to the tip first, then touch the inductor. +
Fully assembled V4 Miniscopes, assembly kits, DAQ boxes, baseplates, and coaxial cables are sold by Open Ephys Production Site, [https://open-ephys.org/ OEPS] and [https://www.labmaker.org/ LabMaker]. Both vendors track the reference UCLA design. OEPS sells the most recent V4.5 board revision. Machined parts and a wide range of accessories are also available from [https://miniscopeparts.com/ Miniscope Parts] (Shylo Stiteler). +